Investigative Plan Into Daytime Robberies - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1533 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Criminal Law Essay Did you like this example? INVESTIGATIVE PLAN1 Investigative Plan Introduction This paper describes an investigative plan designed to deal with the spate of daytime robberies occurring recently in this city. The plan will draw upon the limited information obtained by our police officers in respect of each of the robberies. Aspects covered in the investigative plan will include the investigative steps needed, the technological assistance/support required, the analysis of any pattern to the robberies, the method(s) to be used to synthesize the available data, the types of investigative units to be used, and the procurement of needed supplies and equipment (which might require additional funding). Investigative Steps Required According to Hall (2011), investigative steps following a series of robberies in the cityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s jurisdictions should be as follows: Step 1: Carefully review all the police reports from the various precincts / jurisdictions where the robberies were initially reported and the incidents handled. Step 2: Considering all those robberies as a group of possibly related incidents, collate the list of witnesses from all the individual police reports and re-interview each witness. This might reveal common elements in the series of crimes. Step 3: Referring to the police reports, review each item of available forensic evidence. Step 4: Carefully review the recorded CCTV footage from all surveillance cameras located within range of the scenes of the robberies, looking for possible images of the perpetrators or vehicles used. Step 5: Review existing analyses made by the police teams involved in the original incidents, looking for any identified common elements or similarities. Step 6: Synthesize the collated robberies data, facilitating a more effective review by organizing the data in terms of factors such as the Modus Operandi (MO), the day and the time, and the location of each robbery. Step 7: Identify and mark the locations of the offenses on a city map, looking for grou ping of the locations (which may help locate the base from where the offender(s) operate). Step 8: Request the potential availability of additional manpower / resources from any agencies to be involved in the investigation. Step 9: Contact other city agencies, especially in outlying areas, to determine if they have seen any corresponding increase in the numbers of robberies. Step 10: Study demographic factors such as zoning changes, major demographic shifts, opening of new businesses, etc. in order to take into account other factors that might have affected this increased crime rate. Technological Assistance Needed Since the early days of crime investigation when crime reports were handwritten and had to be meticulously and manually analyzed, technology has made the work of the investigators easier, particularly in the use of computers and sophisticated computer programs designed with criminal investigation in mind. These can include databases which allow law enforcem ent agencies to rapidly compare data such as fingerprints, arrest records, etc. Geographical Information Software (GIS) is another type of software which facilitates the creation by crime analysts of sometimes complex maps to help investigate the geographical aspects of crimes (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“GIS Software Requirements for Crime Analysisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  2012). Our investigative plan should take full advantage of such available technological resources. Analysis of Robbery Patterns A consortium of five of the leading police organizations in the US developed an analysis system called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“SARAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  which is a four-stage procedure recommended for use in cases such as this. The procedure stages are as follows: Scanning: By observation of reports and any patterns within them, commonalities between recurring problems or situations are more readily identified. Analysis: To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of any causal factors, the analysts consider three factual elements à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the victim, the location, and the offender(s). Those three comprise the sides of the so-called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“crime triangle.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  They are not only important in the process of analyzing the crimes, but can highlight needed action for future crime prevention. For example, if the crimes were committed in badly lit areas, the appropriate authority could be contacted to make necessary improvements. Response: Following identification of causal factors, it is possible to address responses to at least two sides of that crime triangle. These are the strategic plans implemented. Assessment: The analysts evaluate the effectiveness of the problem-solving activity and collect data to determine if the outcome is positive. If it is not (i.e. if the response was ineffective), then the analysts develop a new response (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Team Community Oriented Policingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  n.d.). Data Synthesis The data gathered needs to be synthes ized to make the analysis easier and sharper. Essentially, that means removing data that is not pertinent to a series of crimes (in this instance, robberies), in order to focus on the relevant details. Synthesizing the data concentrates the interest of the investigators on common elements, so that (for example) witnesses may be re-interviewed to ask important questions, forensic evidence might be re-examined to look for substances not previously recognized as significant, cameras footage might be reviewed once more, and so on. All these aspects reviewed and re-examined help the investigators get closer to the perpetrators of the crimes by uncovering information that might originally have been overlooked or not reported. Investigative Units Required Effective execution of the strategic plan requires use of a range of investigative units. First there are crime analysis units (if necessary from each precinct or jurisdiction involved). Then there are the investigative units (detec tives), regular patrol officers and the forensic teams (again from each local police authority). If the scale of the operations merits more resources, it may be necessary (for example) to bring in or recruit more patrol officers or other specialist personnel. Equipment and Supplies Procurement Again dependent on the perceived scale of the operation, it may be necessary to acquire additional computer workstations and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" if not already available à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the necessary GIS software to facilitate computerized mapping of the crime locations. Other requirements might include specialized database software, and analysis software such as Microsoft Access, which is used by numerous police authorities. For some of this software, additional training resources are likely to be needed, too. Furthermore, as mentioned earlier, additional patrol officers (and therefore their vehicles, too), might be a requirement. Additional Funding It is more than probable that in order to mount such an operation as described, the cityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s police authority may need a special budget, over and above the regular budget already agreed and made available. In order to obtain that extra funding, the police authority will be required to make a case for it, submitting the request to the appropriate agency. There are specific funding programs available. Perhaps the most applicable in this instance is the COPS (Community Oriented Policing Services office). It offers grants for law enforcement agencies, which may be used for various purposes. Those include hiring additional community police officers, purchasing new equipment and technology, hiring civilian administrative personnel, and for the promotion of innovative crime solutions. The Department of Justice also has a number of other agencies through which grants can be made available for specific purposes (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Grantsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  n.d.). According to the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), under the terms of their mandate they are not permitted à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“to provide direct funding for equipment purchases and training beyond that supplied under the Forensic Laboratory Enhancement program.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  However the NIJ suggests sources for obtaining funding for equipment and other needs through various programs, including the following examples. Justice Assistance Grant Program: Funds obtained from this source à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“may be used to provide personnel, equipment, training, technical assistance, and information systems.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Office of Justice Programs Technology Initiatives: The dedicated website provides details of access to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“initiatives and technological developments.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Information on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Federal and private funding sources, examples of innovative funding ideas, and tips on researching funding legislationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is also provided (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Funding for Equipmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  n.d.). Because funding is likely to be difficult to obtain in these days of fiscal belt-tightening by public / government agencies, securing any required additional funds may need support from local politicians including Senators and Congressmen, who might have some influence with agencies having the authority to disburse grants, etc. Conclusions It seems highly probable that to implement the strategic investigative plan set out in this document, addition technological and human resources would be necessary to put the plan as described in motion, and then to bring it to a successful conclusion. The plan as described seems to offer a practical approach to the problem, offering a good chance of success. Assuming the cityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s police authority budget could not accommodate the costs of those resources that would mean applying for grants to provide the funds needed. As discussed above, there are sources of such funding, although in these times of a depressed economy, extern al influences might be needed to support the funding application(s). References: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Funding for Equipment.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (n.d.). National Institute of Justice (NIJ). Retrieved from: https://www.nij.gov/funding/pages/equipment-funding.aspx à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“GIS Software Requirements for Crime Analysis.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (June 2012). International Association of Crime Analysts (IACA). Retrieved from: https://www.iaca.net/Publications/Whitepapers/iacawp_2012_07_gis_requirements_for_crime_analysis.pdf à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Grants.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (n.d.). The United States Department of Justice. Retrieved from: https://www.justice.gov/business Hall, Elizabeth. (2011). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Effective Tactical Analysis for Robbery Investigations.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Criminology Justice. Retrieved from: https://criminologyjust.blogspot.com.es/2013/02/effective-tactical-analysis-for-robbery.html à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Team Community Oriented Policing.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (n.d.). University of Michigan Police. Retrieved from: https://police.umich.edu/?s=tcop Appendix: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Investigative Plan Into Daytime Robberies" essay for you Create order

Measuring Supertraits with Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

Underlying Theory Eysenck developed Eysenck Personality Questionnaire to measure his supertraits in his Factor Theory ( Houstan, n.d.). There are three key traits in his theory which are extraversion–introversion, neuroticism- stability and psychoticism. Unlike Carl Jung’s extraversion and introversion, Eysenck believed that biological and genetic causes differences between extraverts and introverts (Feist Feist, 2009). He mentioned that cortical arousal level, which is a physiological condition that is largely inherited, in every individual are different. Extraverts have lower level of cortical arousal than introverts but they a high level of sensory stimulation to maintain an optimal level of stimulation. Thus, extraverts participate more often in exciting and stimulating activities (Feist Feist, 2009). The second supertrait in his theory which is neuroticism- stability (N) also contains strong hereditary component. People who are highly neurotic tend to be anxious, moody and vulnerable, whereas people who are low on neuroticism tend to be stable, calm and even-tempered ( Houstan, n.d.). Subsequently, psychoticism (P) is an independent personality trait. People who score high in P are aggressive, hostile, antisocial and etc, whereas people who score low in P tend to be highly socialized, empathic, caring and so on. Construct and Scoring System EPQ consists of 4 scales which are E ( extroversion- introversion), N ( neuroticism- stability), P ( psychoticism) and LShow MoreRelatedStrengths And Weaknesses Of Personality Traits1931 Words   |  8 PagesMost personality theories share a common interest in traits. Theorists have become fascinated with traits, as they essentially tell us what makes us, us. Perpetual features within us demonstrated by our actions within everyday life. Trait theory aims to assess personality, whilst identifying and measuring the extent of particular repetitive personality traits for example - shyness and analysing how much these traits vary from person to person. Trait theory is perhaps the most widely used perspective

Medical Career vs. Fashion Design Free Essays

Fashion Design Career As teenagers, high scholars or even college students, we always struggle with big questions†¦ What career am I going to pick? , What career suits me better? , Am I going to be able to do it?. We have been through those stages of adolescence, at least, I’ve past through them, and to be honest, sometimes those questions doesn’t give you a concrete answer until you give a try and risk yourself into something new. Sometimes o have to look for pro/con to see what’s best for you, that’s why I’m looking for an answer through this essay. We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Career vs. Fashion Design or any similar topic only for you Order Now Medical career ; Fashion design are very different, but they do have some similarities. The medical career is a great profession. It career requires many skills and time to be successful. Behind a great doctor, is a hard and long Medical Career, there’s a lot of sacrifices you have to do to success in that area. Medical career requires time and dedication, the length of the career is 7 years and 4 extra depending on the specialty o want, some specialties are 7 years long like neurosurgeon for example. After medical career you are required to work in a hospital or a private clinic, by becoming a doctor, you learn or gain the ability to save life’s and cure illness, being able to help others makes you feel better despite of the salary of a Doctor, which most of the times is pretty high. But most of Medical School Students doesn’t sacrifice sleep or eating hours for money, they really do it for solidarity. Fashion design is a creative and rewarding profession. It career requires a creative pen mind, a good point of view and time to practice. As we know, fashion industry is constantly innovating and creating new things, ideas, styles. It’s not a relevant thing or area, but for some people It becomes a life style. Fashion designers workplace can be in a lot of places depending on what they want to do, they can work as designers, visual merchandisers, stylists, image consulter, make up stylist, chief editor of a magazine, even an assistant to a celebrity, to become a good Fashion designer, you need to have a good eye, creativity and the skills to improve something to a better ay or even to create something wonderful from scratch. During the career you spent more time in the practical part than in the lecture room, the salaries of a fashion designer depends on the Job they get. Medical Career and Fashion Design have some similarities despite of the types of the career. Both careers have things in common. Fashion industry and Medical area are very competitive when it gets to find a good Job after finishing the career, you need to know how to work as a team, both careers requires different type of clothes, in a capital there’s always Doctors wearing Blue clothes or white scrubs, and mostly of fashion designers always wear important brands clothes or the latest fashion style. Salaries between these careers are different, and it depends of how good you are in your area. Although both careers are similar, they also have many differences. Seeking a career can be difficult for so many people, mostly teenagers or young adults. Some people Just look for what they suit better, but for me, the best career is the one that you choose with your heart based on your learning skills. How to cite Medical Career vs. Fashion Design, Essays