The Impact Of Campus Involvment On Hospitality Student...

What do you do after class? Do you hang out with friends, join a club, or play games with friends? According to Simon A. Lei and Dean Yin, authors of the article â€Å"IMPACTS OF CAMPUS INVOLVMENT ON HOSPITALITY STUDENT ACHIEVMENT AND SATISFACTION†, 80 percent of college students are involved in extracurricular activities. Whether it be playing in the band or going to the gym to get in a good work out, for most people, the activities are an opportunity to relax and do something they enjoy while relieving stress. These activities play a vital role in students’ lives, and without them they would be overwhelmed. College is a time for students to prepare for their future, by acquiring the knowledge that will become foundation blocks for the rest of their lives. College should be a balance of practical skills, the material studied, and extracurricular activities. Scholars like Mark Edmundson, author of the article â€Å"On the Uses of a Liberal Education: As a Lite Entertai nment for Bored College Students†, believe that school should be only about the classes, and that all extracurricular activities should be removed from campus. I believe that students need to express themselves and participate in activities to relieve stress; without these activities students will become more frustrated, which will decrease their grades and passion towards education. College is a place to prepare students for the future It is somewhere people can discover themselves, learn how to think on their

Cause and Effects of Parenting Essay examples - 648 Words

Mike Reel Cause and Effect Essay The Cause and Effects of Parenting Styles What are the cause and effects of different styles of parenting? Essentially, there are three types of parenting; authoritarian, authoritative and permissive. I believe there are no lines drawn in the sand separating these styles. In other words, a parent could actually entertain all three. I hope after reading this essay you will have a better understanding of the cause and effect of each style of parenting. The first style of parenting I will discuss is the authoritarian style. The authoritarian style is what I like to call the communist style. Children are told to do something without ever giving them a reason, except for because I said so. Usually†¦show more content†¦Located somewhere in the middle of these two styles lies a combination style of parenting. Authoritative parenting is an even balance of authoritarian and permissive. This is democracy style of parenting. In other words both the parent and the child have a stake in it. The rules and punishments are discussed and agreed upon by both parties. If the expectations are not met the child will be spoken to on how to improve. Unlike permissive style there is punishment. Under this style a child is not led by fear. Punishments are to there to help a child learn and remember from their mistake. Authoritative parenting styles tend to result in children who are happy, capable and successful. I believe a child raised by parents who are both a perfect balance of this will have the best success in raising their child. In conclusion there are three types of parenting. The authoritarian style or communist style which is; do it this way because I said so. This leads to children who are obedient and proficient, but they rank lower in happiness, social competence and self-esteem. Second was the permissive or indulgent parent. This parent usually has very limited or no boundaries or punishment if crossed. Permissive parenting often results in children who rank low in happiness and self control. I believe this leads to a child that will have a problem with authorityShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Poor Parenting On Male And Female Dating Violence Perpetration And Victimization907 Words   |  4 Pagessociety depends immensely on parenting, as younger generations of people learn lessons and methods about their own development from their parents. They learn things concerning all different aspects of themselves, from physical to emotional to intellectual development, parenting is scientifically proven to have a major effect on civilization. Although the exact implication parenting has on children is debated, many have tried to prove the link between negative parenting and deficient social outcomesRead MoreDifferent Parenting Styles, Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive, And Uninvolved Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay explores the four different types of parenting styles, authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved. The exploration of each parenting style is examined, and the outcomes of each parenting style for the child is learned. Each parenting style has positives and negatives, but overall this essay informs the reader about which parenting style is best linked to success in their child’s education. Information for this essay has been gathered from three sources, the sources beingRead MoreRelationship Between Parents And Children924 Words   |  4 Pagesviews of parenting. Amy is strict, meticulous, and a disciplinarian. The way she handles hers elf with her family and in the way she raises her children have many effects on their lives. These effects do not only effect the immediate family, but their extended family as well. Those most effected are her husband Jed and her daughters Sophia and Lulu. Amy handles herself in a very specific manner and has no tolerance for anything less than her expectations. These expectations have effects on her familyRead MoreFamily Systems Effect the Environment and Development of Each Other697 Words   |  3 PagesFamilies are a system of individuals who interact and effect the environment and development of each other. One integral part of a family system is the style of parenting. There are four types of parenting styles that are often discussed: authoritarian, authoritative, uninvolved, and permissive. The different types of parenting style can have a big effect on the children and the behavior and mannerisms they develop. This in turn can have an effect on the family as a system. The authoritarian parentsRead MoreParenting Styles And Its Effects On Children Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesThere are four main parenting styles, these four include: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved/neglectful. The way in which parents ‘parent’ their children effect the children on how the child develops into an adult and it affects their cognitive development. Parents that are authoritative encourage and allow their children to be independent, but the parent also sets boundaries and limits. If a child needs to be disciplined or punished, the parent does so, but not in a harmfulRead MoreChild Shift1748 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Children Caught in the Crossfire† explores the effects of proper and dysfunctional parenting on Caribbean children. This article identifies dysfunctional homes that foster improper parenting and the impact of psychological and physical absence of parents on their children. It also assesses the consequences of â€Å"child shifting† on affected children. The social impairments of children suffering from â€Å"child shifting† were cross-examined with the various parenting styles they would receive through continuousRead MoreThe Impact Of Parenting On Child Development1004 Words   |  5 Pagesinterest in how parenting affects child development. Diana Baumrind, a psychologist, identified the four most basic parenting styles in the year 1971-1991. Two of the practices on which the styles came into being were the parental effect and control. The parenting control is where the child is told to follow the rules and demands of the parent, also known as authoritarian parenting. In Asian countries and West Indies, authoritarian parenting was the most common style of parenting. The harsh corporalRead MoreCause and Effect Essay661 Words   |  3 PagesChild violence is a topic which has exposed itself tremendously with both causes and effects; causes being, poor parenting, environment and exposure, and effects including depression, difficulties in school and criminal behavior. Most people try not to address poor parenting because it can be a very sensitive topic but, it is very important and lack of conversation or teaching can become an issue. We have all been somewhere and witness a child misbehaving and the parent not reprimanding theirRead MoreA Battle Hymn Of The Tiger Mother1194 Words   |  5 Pagesto convey the multitude of problems this style can cause. Chua is biased toward the â€Å"Chinese Mother† parenting style because of her personal experiences, thus her arrogance makes her ignorant to the detrimental effects of this style and is unappealing to her audience. In the excerpt, Chua focuses on the differing parenting techniques of Chinese and Western parents. She concludes that a contrast in the parent’s mindset leads to distinct parenting styles and various levels of success for the kidsRead MoreSocioeconomic Status And Parenting Styles869 Words   |  4 Pagesas a lifestyle and a family relationship. When parents have a financial problem, they are distressed and cannot have a quality time with children. For example, a low-income status parents have arguments and fight over their financial problems which cause distress such as a depression and an anxiety; in addition, parents have unstable relationship and become impatient or uninvolved for their children. Importantly, parents are the most influential agent of the socialization of children. Therefore, the

Final Paper Free Essays

Cost is flexible in hosing the kind of product to sell in different country, so that those products can meet the right demand of the customers from that particular country. Going global is a big decision, so Cost must take close observations into many different countries and those markets before deciding the best country operate its business. Location is considered as one of the crucial factors that lead to a business’s success. We will write a custom essay sample on Final Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now The business should consider any tangible or intangible costs, political or climate risks, and the proximity to suppliers. There are four methods to choose a location: factor rating, location break- even analysis, center of gravity, and transportation model. In this case, I feel like Cost has applied the center of gravity method, which means finding a location of the single distribution center serving several destinations. Cost is operating as a warehouse or retailer, so it definitely wants to find the location that is near to households and other types of businesses. In that way, it can act as the main source of distribution to other businesses. Besides carrying variety kinds of products, Cost also has great services in different areas. Some of them are auto program, health and dental plans, payroll services, boat and REV loans, mortgage purchase and refinancing, etc. These services are very benefiting for customers’ daily life. With the hope of keep growing and improving, Cost really value customers’ feedback on any kind of service that they provided. Cost always wants to bring the best services and high quality products to its customers. Cost truly value quality because it always wants to bring the best things its customers. Every product that is delivered to Cost warehouses needs to go through a quality checking yester. Everything includes groceries, appliances, automotive supplies, tires, toys, hardware, jewelry, electronics, books, clothes, health and beauty aids, tobacco, wines, furniture. Cost is known for carrying top quality national and regional brands, with a hundred percent satisfaction guaranteed, at prices consistently below traditional wholesale or retail outlets. When having quality as the top thing in the list, Cost must ensure that it has an efficient inventory management system. Managing inventory is important because it keeps track of the number of inventory need of everyday, reduce the shrinkage, and avoid out of stock situation. Just-in-time (IT) is a Japanese term that describes the method of inventory control to help increase efficiency and reduce costs by receiving goods only as needed. The method requires the producers must be able to accurately forecast the demand. Cost is applying this very well. The inventory is well managed; out- of-stock and shrinkage has never a problem to Cost, because it acts as a store and also a warehouse; therefore it can hold the goods for long. Some businesses also choose Cost as their supplier, so they will buy in bulk at the rower price. Cost is not only good at managing inventory, but it also has a great supply chain management strategy. What Cost does is sharing detailed inventory and sales data with its brand suppliers. These suppliers, in turn, are responsible for stocking the product on Cost’s shelves. This helps to eliminate the potential for a bullwhip to develop as suppliers can make accurate orders to refill the stock. Cost is incentive to provide timely, accurate data to its suppliers and suppliers are persuaded to reorder appropriate quantities of Cost. Additionally, both companies benefit by avian a more reliable system to keep products on shelves for consumers. Every business needs an appropriate process design so that it can meet the customers’ requirements within the cost constraints. Among the five transformational systems -? job shop, flow shop, product focused, main customization, and project focused, Cost belongs to the product focused system. This means there are more standardized products, with high volumes, but it should keep a consistent quality, and emphasizes on low cost. Products and services play an important role in an organization, but we just never forget the workforce is also an essential factor. Human resources department (HER) is where the business recruiting and training its employees. In 2006, Cost had 71 ,OHO full-time employees and 56,000 part-time employees; and I believe these numbers have increased a lot since then. When hiring new employees, Cost should give some sort of job specialization to everyone, which describes the requirements of certain position that Cost is offering, and a little information on the salary. From that, the people who find he/she is fitting in certain qualifications will apply or the position. Cost is one of a few retailers that pay and treat well to its employees. According to Jim Senegal, â€Å"having a well-compensated workforce was very important to executing Cost’s strategy successfully. † By providing many benefits to the employees, it also brings Cost a significant advantage, because everyone knows that Cost pay the highest wage, and also a retailer that treats employees nicely and fairly. Besides paying high wages, Cost also provide many sources of motivation to its employees, such as awards ND bonuses; in order to make the job becomes more interesting, Cost should change its motivation regularly. How to cite Final Paper, Papers Final Paper Free Essays What is the purpose of P. P. A. We will write a custom essay sample on Final Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now C. A? The purpose of P. P. A. C. A is to supply affordable coverage to a larger number of individuals (Kroger, Burrus 2011-2012) to reduce the premium costs for millions of working families and small businesses. Also reduce what families will have to pay for health care and give Americans new affordable choices of private insurance plans. The purpose for Affordable Care Act is to make health insurance available to most uninsured low and middle income individuals (ObamaCare Summary). What issues in the U. S. health care system were the laws intended to address? How did those issues develop historically? Issues that the health care system law intended to address is saving money for the consumers on health insurance premiums, it also addresses many tax credits for small businesses and individuals. * Providing coverage to Americans with pre existing conditions * Protecting your choice of doctors * Ending lifetime limits on coverage * Restricting annual dollar limits on coverage * Removing insurance company barriers to emergency services * Covering preventive Care at no cost to you These issues developed historically from the early history health was dominated by physicians and the hospitals. Physicians had a relationship with their patients to where they had the ability to pay and collect their own bills. In 1934 American Medical Association (AMA) published this statement â€Å"No third party must be permitted to come between the patient and his physician in any medical matter (Number 1979) (Sultz, Young 2011). In the 19th century Americans used insurance through their employer that was designed to make up for lost income during sickness. The federal government’s coverage of health care for special populations played a prominent role. Over the years , the U. S. overnment develop , revised and otherwise adjusted a host of categorical or disease specific programs designed to address needs not otherwise met by state or local administrations or private sector(Sultz, Young 2011). Kennedy administration in 1961 grew from $7 billion to $24 billion for grants in aid programs excluding social security and Medicare. Federal, state government and Medicare legislation made s everal misjudgments they were underwriting the skyrocketing costs and underestimated the growing number of older adults in the U. S. What are some of the key features of the P. P. A. C. A? How will the law reshape the U. S. health care system? Key features of the P. P. A. C. A is rights and protection that has a Summary of Benefits and Coverage (SBC) which is a short plan language that makes it easy for consumers to know what they are buying when shopping for insurance. Another key feature is Consumer Assistance Program offers hands on assistance to more people who will allow you to file complaints, enroll in health coverage and get educated about your rights and responsibilities. More Key Features: Insurance choices a variety of alternatives to the individual private insurance market: * Pre existing condition plan Young adult coverage * Affordable insurance exchanges * Co- op insurance plans Insurance costs provides you with new ways to hold insurance companies accountable and keep your costs down (Healthcare. gov) * Value for your premium dollar * Lifetime and annual limits * Flexible spending account changes * Rate review 65 or older offends eligible seniors a range of preventative services with n o cost sharing and discounts on drugs. * Medicare preventative services * Medicare drug discounts * $250 â€Å"donut hole† rebate (2010) * Strengthening Medicare Employers; tax credits and new programs are now available to small businesses. * Small employer tax credits * Early Retiree Reinsurance Program (ERRP) The law will reshape the U. S. health care system by starting a financial incentive for physicians , hospitals and health care providers also will stop insurance companies from dropping you when you’re sick also reduces growth in healthcare spending. This new law gives women the same rates as men and gives seniors access to cheaper drugs. What is your opinion about the P. P. A. C. A overall? How did you develop that opinion? My opinion about the P. P. A. C. A is that I think that is a good start in trying to get our country out of debt we are so quick to criticize the money that is being spent on healthcare that we didn’t realize that before this bill came out we was $2 trillion in debt. I think that the new law is helping many all Americans instead of just a certain category of people. Many elderly people are now able to afford to pay for their medication and get insurance even though they have a sickness. I developed my opinion by reading the bill myself to understand what the key features are and how the law will help many Americans obtain healthcare with low cost, and quality for everyone. Which features of the P. P. A. C. A do you think will have the biggest effect on our health care system? I think that the pre existing condition plan will have a big effect on the health care system because many insurance companies have already been collecting money for the insurance plan that they thought was best for their customer the law states that the insurance company cannot drop them because they have become very sick to where their insurance won’t cover it. How to cite Final Paper, Essay examples

Discussion to Relate the Boiling Point-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss the Boiling point with the structural factors of the chemical compounds. Answer: Boiling point is actually the temperature point at which the vapour pressure of the liquid will become equal to the pressure surrounding the liquid. This is at this temperature, the liquid will change its phase to the vapour. At microscopic level at BP the intermolecular bonds will break and the vapour phase changes do occur. Hence higher the bond energies, higher BPs will be required to break the bonds and for changes the phase from liquid to vapour. In the current scenario the two chemical compounds selected for the study are both organic compounds. One of the two is 3-methly-2 butanone and the second compound in the list is 1-pentanol. The boiling point of the first element 3-methyl-2 butanone is about 940C to 950C and the boiling point of the second compound 1-pentanol is around 1370C. Intermolecular forces in the chemical compounds do directly depend on the type of the bonds present in the chemical compound and they will immediately impact the extent of the forces needed for breaking the chemical bonds. Hence in this connection it can be said that the boiling point of the compounds will be higher for the compounds requiring higher forces to break the bonds and the boiling point of the chemical compounds will be lower for those compounds which require lesser bond breaking forces. In this connection the relative differences of the boiling points of the two chemical compounds is explained in the following discussion. The BP of t he 1-pentanol is higher than the BP of the 3-methyl-2 butanone and the reason for the same can be explained due to the chemical bonds present in the respective chemical compounds. 1- Pentanol mainly consist of the hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is responsible for the strength of the 1-pentanol. 3-Methyl- 2 butanone chemical compounds intermolecular bonding is distinct from that of the 1-Pentanol. In this chemical compound there is presence of the methyl groups and the presence of the same will result in the change in the carbon backbone bonds. There will be four carbon backbone with a single carbon branch on the third carbon atom. And so this will result in the decrease in the intermolecular dipole-dipole bonds, so this feature will result in the lower Boiling point of the compound. Hydrogen bond of the 1-pentanol is stronger and hence is responsible for the higher boiling point of the compound when compared with the 3-methyl-2 butanone chemical compound (PubChem). The above figures provides the details and the arrangement of the chemical bonds present in the molecule and they in turn explains the strength and the boiling point of the chemicals. Chemical compound details 3-Methyl-2-butanone Chemical names:;iso-C3H7COCH3;Methylbutanone;3-Methyl-2-but;2-Acetylpropane;2-Acetopropane?;3-Methylbutanone;3-Ketoisopentane;Methyl butanone-2;Methyl-2-butanone Molecular weight of 3-Methyl-2-butanone = 86.13gm/mol 1- Pentanol C5H12Oor CH3(CH2)3CH2OH Chemical Names: 1-Pentanol; Pentan-1-ol; Amyl alcohol; N-Pentanol; N-Amyl alcohol; Pentanol MIPK;iso-C3H7COCH3;Methylbutanone;3-Methyl-2-but;2-Acetylpropane;2-Acetopropane?;3-Methylbutanone;3-Ketoisopentane;Methyl butanone-2;Methyl-2-butanone Molecular weight of Pentanol =88.15g/mol C5H10O 86.13 References: Etter, M.C., 1991. Hydrogen bonds as design elements in organic chemistry.The Journal of Physical Chemistry,95(12), pp.4601-4610. Giese, B. and Baldwin, J.E., 1986.Radicals in organic synthesis: formation of carbon-carbon bonds(p. 141). Oxford: Pergamon Press. Anon., n.d. [Online] Available at: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3-methyl-2-butanone#section=Top Anon., n.d. [Online] Available at: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1-Pentanol

Sticks and Stones by Cher Lloyd free essay sample

Cher Lloyd is a spunky, upbeat girl with a lot of attitude. From appearing on the UK’s version of The X-Factor, coming in behind One Direction and Matt Cardel, she has become a musical sensation (admit it, you sing Want U Back when your in the car!). Her debut US album, called Sticks and Stones clearly defines both her talent and her personality. The album starts off with the song Grow Up featuring rapper Busta Rhymes. This track has got another bouncy and bold beat. The song is all about how â€Å"we don’t wanna grow up, we just wanna get down†. The track shows off Cher’s adorable persona and her amazing rapping ability (watch out Busta!). Some have compared it to the sound of the Black Eyed Peas, but a better singing ability and a song you actually want to hear on the radio. Will.I.Am has got nothing on this party song. We will write a custom essay sample on Sticks and Stones by Cher Lloyd or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Following that, is Cher’s radio single Want U Back. It’s boppy, it’s fresh, and extremely catchy. Not to mention, it makes you feel so confident! Whenever I hear that song, I feel like the coolest person ever. Cher says this song really describes her musically. This song has multiple versions. The UK has one with rapper Astro and the US has one with Snoop Dogg. The radio US version usually only features Cher though. People on you have often criticized the UK version, mostly because of Astro’s appearance. Comments on YouTube say that he â€Å"ruins the song†. With Ur Love is Cher’s third radio single (UK) and it features Mike Posner. A little bit slower than her other tunes, With Ur Love keeps a steady beat and words that you easily sing along to. It’s a song that you’ll sing in the shower, but can’t dance too. Mike Posner makes a very quick show in the song, with simple lyrics that make me wonder who wrote them. Was it a fifth grader or just unoriginal? Posner: You got it yeah, yeah you got it I could slow it down Speed it up How you want it girl All night long And I dont even care If you sing my songs wrong 1st date, 1st base 2nd date, 2nd base 3rd date, youre looking at me funny You got a hard shell But the middles so yummy The fourth song is Swagger Jagger. This song was intended to be Cher’s second US single, but after its huge flop on YouTube, I strongly doubt it will be. It received 168,843 dislikes on the video. Maybe its because the word ‘swagger’ is so dead (I’m talking to you Beiber), or maybe because she’s addressing all her ‘haterz’ but this song received horrifying reviews from the public. It starts off with a heavy techno beat, and transfers into a soft, almost childish melody, and cotinues to switch off throughout. This song often gets Cher compared to artists such as Nicki Minaj, Karmin, and Lady Gaga. At Number 5 on her track is Beautiful People. Beautiful People features singer Carolina Liar. While it is the slowest song on Sticks and Stones, it is undoubtedly one of the best. The music is strong yet still conveys a somber, low mood. The lyrics seem to be intended for a bad romance but could also be interpreted in multiple ways. The only way I can describe it is as a â€Å"soulful, strong Taylor Swift† Cause its beautiful people like you, who get whatever they want And its beautiful people like you, who suck the life right out of my heart And its beautiful people like you, who make me cry Cause nobody else could be nearly as cruel as you The next song is Playa Boi. This song moves back into Cher’s usual territory of ‘sassy but classy’. Cher has her standard techno dance-y beat, with her classic Cher sass. Although the message is a bit overdone (another song about thugs and ganstas) she puts a unique twist on it. Not just anyone can win her love, they have to fight for it. I highly recommend this song. Tracks seven and eight my favorite. Superhero and Over The Moon are two totally different songs but have such an edge and uniqueness about them, its impossible not to love one of these two. Superhero is very fast paced, but not really a dance-y tune. It’s more of a jamming-out-in-your-car-with-the-volume-on-high song. Over the Moon has a very vintage sound with a modern twist. And, of course, she raps in both of them. (I actually can do the rap of Superhero. I’m so proud!) The ninth song is pretty self explanatory. This high energy dubstep song features Mic Right eous, Dot Rotten Ghetts . Dub on the Track is exactly what it sounds like. The words are basically â€Å"I’m the kind a g-girl to put d-d-d-d-d-ub on tha track†, *Insert guy rapping here* , â€Å"I’m the kind a g-girl to put d-d-d-d-d-ub on tha track.† The last song is another great one. A lower energy End Up Here is all about discovering you have been cheated on. The sound is like a mix of P!nk, Katy Perry and a hint of Nicki Minaj. An easy beat, and sing-a-long lyrics, this song is sure to be one you’ll sing in the shower. Cher Lloyd is an amazing artist. Known for being cute, fun and a little bit sassy, Cher’s career is only getting started. Her album is released officially in the USA on September 18th of this year. I give this album 4 out of 5 stars. I am completely proud to be one of her â€Å"Brats†.

Healthcare Staffing Shortage Example

Healthcare Staffing Shortage Example Healthcare Staffing Shortage – Coursework Example Healthcare Staffing Shortage al Affiliation Healthcare Staffing Shortage Manpower is the most important resource in any healthcare settings. Human resource managers should ensure that they are able to attract and also retain the best workforce in the setting. This can be ensured through a comprehensive framework for selecting, on-boarding and inducting the best personnel in healthcare institutions. There are various ways that human resource managers can deal with the problem of staff shortage in hospitals. This paper will explore the options that a manager may consider.Public-private PartnershipThis option involves having the public and private health institutions working together to ensure that healthcare delivery has the best personnel. The partnership also ensures that all the terms and conditions in both are similar thus reducing the rate of turnover in both (Isgur, 2008). Further, the partnership goes to the extent of ensuring quality training of healthcare professionals. Facult y training and programs promotion is one of the fruits of such a partnership.Technology-driven TrainingTo reduce the number of personnel required in an institution, embracement of technology is key. When technology is well applied in the healthcare setting, there is time saved for patients care and performance of other activities that cannot be mechanized (Isgur, 2008). Selecting staff who have technical skills is therefore important.Conducive Working SpaceThe best employees are attracted and retained in working environment that are safe and conducive. Currently, flexibility of roles ensures that employees feel satisfied and free rather than being tied up by roles (Isgur, 2008). Managers should ensure this flexibility is there and maintained. When this is so, competitive staff are easily attracted and retained.Performance Review and FeedbackThrough review of employees performance, managers are able to identify areas that employees feel need changes and rectify (Isgur, 2008). Providi ng positive review feedback helps to develop employees and encourage them.References Isgur, B. (2008). Healing The Health Care Staffing Shortage. Trustee.

Business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 2

Business plan - Essay Example The gaming room will have approximately fifty computers for the gamers, as well as play stations while they can also have refreshments, although high alcoholic drinks will not be served at the counter. This is because the equipment at the bar is sensitive and drunken gamers could destroy them. In addition, the bar will also provide game discs, consoles, and information at reasonable prices, which, together with the excellent service that will be provided, will be the core point for the bar. The staff at the bar will be expected to be gaming enthusiasts, and they will be trained by professional players in order to offer better service. Game heaven expects to have its own website for promotional activities where clients can interact and set up games. Industry Analysis The idea for starting Game Heaven came from the fact that more and more individuals who want to play the battle arena video games. However, despite the increasing interest in this game, there are no battle arena video gam e and sports bars, around the Birmingham area. Game Heaven is going to have to serve several sectors of the market. In the sports and gaming bar industry, it is important to have a family atmosphere where the gamers feel part of an exclusive group (Rail, 2011: p300). In addition, it will serve several uses, such as watching big games, gaming tournaments, and personal gaming time. The bar also plans to begin offering light food, although the dining areas will be separated from the â€Å"family† by a wall. However, wherever one sits, there will be a big screen TV showing games, whether cricket, football, or rugby, especially since the plan involves having multiple screens in these areas. The business will face regulatory issues, especially with regards to employee wages, liquor licenses for the big matches, local ordinances, building permits, and others that could be of effect to the business (Rail, 2011: p301). Objectives Management at Game Heaven is confident that it has the ability to replicate its success with the plain Sports bar concept into an e-sports bar concept. It has established several objectives: Have at least two stores operational by the end of the second year Sales of approximately ?150,000 in its initial year A net profit margin of 35% Net profit margins of approximately 14% Maintain a tight control on operations, as well as costs, by hiring quality staff, while also making use of automated control Keep beverage costs under 30% Select additional locations on the basis of meeting success parameters Grow the location to a ?1 to ?2 million yearly business. Mission Game Heaven UK will strive to become the premier e-sports themed bar in the Birmingham area. Our goal is to stay ahead of competitors, as well as allowing clients to enjoy their leisure time the best way we can. In addition, the bar will provide more computers and more screens showing more matches than all other sports bars in the Birmingham area. Game Heaven UK provides audio con trol, which is state-of-the-art at all computer and play stations, as well as in TV areas that allow the customer enjoy their gaming and watching experience without background noise interference. Through a combination of atmosphere, quality service, ambiance, and menu selection, to create a valuable and excellent entertainment experience. Keys to Success In order to achieve Game Heaven UK’s goals, the bar will seek to: Give quality service

Jeyes business 's generic and distinctive marketing strategies Case Study

Jeyes business 's generic and distinctive marketing strategies - Case Study Example The main research question to be speaking to in this reading is whether the chief executive officer (CEO) ought to unilaterally exercise strategic leadership on behalf of the whole organization or whether such leadership ought to be shared by one or more additional groups in the pecking order of management. The achievement of the strategic objectives fundamental strategic decisions is talented through the effectual practice of strategic leadership. In spite of the self-evident perceptual imprecision and cognitive limitations of strategic leaders, their imitation of the factors causal to or detracting from victorious outcomes of strategic choices are extremely important for the long-term feasibility of the organization (Wheelen, Thomas L. Hunger). The study fundamental this research is directed toward determine the truly important leadership factors that make a payment to the achievement of implemented strategic decisions as seen during the eyes of the chief executive officer (CEO). The exact focus is on strategic leadership at the height of the CEO. There are additional studies that are anxious with the CEO as a strategic leader. But, for the mainly part, these are not studies in which the CEO is the elite participant. This study is based on a learning of strategic leadership at the CEO level as apparent by the in office chief executives with a sight toward formative whether victorious strategic decisions ought to be made unilaterally or jointly at the uppermost levels of the business. Introduction The following report describes and analyses Jeyes business 's generic and distinctive marketing strategies, as well as providing accurate industry, competitor, market, and SWOT analysis'. Evaluation of Jeyes business 's marketing strategy is conducted, thus analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the strategy. Lastly the report recommends probable future courses of actions obtainable to Jeyes business, in order to get better profits and stop mistakes in the future. It is important to emphasize that the study of International strategic planning methodology should not be limited to techniques alone. numerous books have been written on planning method over the years, but without firm basics in theory and/or empirical confirmation, very few have endured the examination of time. Accordingly, this quantity is a compendium of together theory and experiential proof that pertain especially to how firms ought to be managed deliberately. Thus, the application of strategic management hypothesis and experiential proof to preparation technique is the subject matter of strategic planning methodology, and this quantity which, we consider, is the first to attain such a nexus (Schuler, R. S., 2003, 419-459). Strategic development technique is, to strategic management theory, what automatic engineering is to hypothetical physics. More than just procedural guidelines, then, this research contains main beliefs of applied strategic management theory and experiential evidence that are either usually accepted or adequately verifiable to serve as bases for expert practice. mutually strategic management scholars and grave strategic planning practitioners who wish a total collection of typically accepted planning main beliefs ought to find this

Environmental Ethics Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Environmental Ethics Assignment 2 - Essay Example 111). From this description, the major functions of zoos are to maintain the animal species contained therein for safeguarding, learning, or display to the general community. Therefore, it is from such a definition that the immorality or morality of the issue can be weighed. As such, one of the issues that make zoos be viewed as immorality is the fact that the animals kept there are taken out of their natural habitat. This means that as much as the zoo management may try to replicate the natural environment of any of the species, it never really recreates it in the exact manner especially due to space constraints. This results in the animals being confined in a small area, thereby making it more like a form of imprisonment. Additionally, the care provided at the zoo may not be what the animal actually needs (Lee and Holder 2007, p. 189). There are certain elements of the wild that are never fully met. Despite these drawbacks that tilt zoos towards immorality, the establishments have helped in the study of numerous species. This has been essential in tackling elements such as diseases that may threaten animal existence. From this, therefore, the immorality of zoos, or otherwise, is subject to the perspective from which it is viewed. Tree Huggers is a term that is generally used to refer to individuals who are highly passionate about the environment to the point that they can literally do anything towards its conservation. The term originated from a past where individuals could actually hug trees so that they could prevent them from being cut down. They would achieve this by hugging the tree at precisely the point where the lumberjack’s axe is about to strike (Lee and Holder 2007, p. 267). Since then, the term â€Å"tree hugger† has been used to refer to people who are passionate about the environment. This act of tree hugging culminated into movements aimed at environmental conservation, extending well into the contemporary society. As

The Torture Of Suspected Terrorists Criminology Essay

The Torture Of Suspected Terrorists Criminology Essay Torture inflicts severe pain to force someone to do or say something, and has been used against prisoners-of-war, suspected insurgents and political prisoners for hundreds of years. In the 1970s and 1980s, governments began to identify a specific form of violence called terrorism and to identify prisoners as terrorists (1). This is when the history of torture and terrorism begins. While many countries practice torture against political prisoners, only some name their dissidents terrorists or face potential threats from terrorism. Governments have used systematic torture in conflicts with rebel, insurgent or resistance groups in long running conflicts since the 1980s (2). It is questionable whether these should always be called terrorism conflicts. Governments are likely to call their non-state violent opponents terrorists, but only sometimes are they clearly engaged in terrorist activity. Torture has always played some role in federal, state, or local policy. Prior to the innovation of the penitentiary system in the early 19th century, forms of physical punishment that we now consider torture were extremely common (1). Torture by United States forces in wartime is not unheard of. And the persistent use of torture against low-income communities of color has also been well-documented. The issue of torture in relation to terrorism was raised publicly in the United States in 2004, when news of a 2002 Memorandum issued by the Justice Department for the CIA suggested that torturing Al Qaeda and Taliban detainees captured in Afghanistan might be justified to prevent further attacks on the United States, where in reality it does not prevent anything (2). If we all took a closer look to what the terrorist torture does to humans we would see that it doesnt justify any means to be able to gather information. At times the United States goes too far when it comes to the techniques they use to gather information from a suspected terrorist. When it comes to the 9/11 attack, there is still no means for the harsh ways of torture for the prisoners held liable. After the attacks of September 11, 2001, the Bush administration began using torture-lite techniques against suspected terrorist detainees (3). These techniques have included water boarding, sleep deprivation, long-term use of loud noises, forced nudity, and forced standing. If any civilized person stood a day on these torture tactics, it would be I insane. Its like basically saying that you have no respect for human life, which basically means nothing to anyone, and that shouldnt be the case. Torture is by far the worst thing that any state or nation should do. There are obviously different ways to gather and receive information from the suspected terrorist groups, torture is never the answer and it shouldnt justify anything. The Al Qaeda attacks of September 11, the ensuing declaration of a global war on terror, and the rapid development of more stringent counter-t errorism efforts have pitched the issue of human rights and terrorism into high relief (2). This is true not only in the United States, but in a number of countries who have signed on as partners in a global coalition to crack down on terrorist activity. Indeed, following 9/11 a number of countries that routinely violate the human rights of political prisoners or dissidents found tacit American sanction to expand their repressive practices (3). At Abu Ghraib, U.S. military personnel and CIA interrogators were revealed to have gone several steps further, implementing forms of torture that involved lasting physical damage, sexual humiliation, and sometimes death (2). In the years immediately preceding the 9/11 attacks, there was no question that torture as an interrogation practice is out-of-bounds for American military personnel. In 1994, the United States passed a law prohibiting the use of torture by American military under any circumstances (2). Furthermore, the United States was bound, as a signatory, to comply with the 1949 Geneva Convention, which prohibits torturing prisoners-of-war (3). The Abu Ghraib province west of Baghdad in Iraq became a household name globally when news of American troops torturing prisoners at the Abu Ghraib (3). Scandal erupted when photographs taken by American military police, depicting their abuse and torture of Iraqi detainees, became public in April, 2004 (3). The photographs revealed to rture based largely on the sexual humiliation of the detainees. Seven soldiers engaged in the prisoner abuse were subsequently convicted in court martials on dereliction of duty and assault and battery charges. The Abu Ghraib prison scandal caused lasting harm to the American reputation and increased skepticism about American motives in its declared war on terror. What the people fail to see is that the United States government thinks that its okay to beat and torture these people until their last breath to say what they want to say. I remember we watched a movie in one of my classes where it dealt with the torture of the American Government to receive information regarding any more of terrorist attacks. This poor man said lies because of the way the government was torturing, so basically he just told them what they wanted to here. That just comes to show people that what the United States government is doing is beyond wrong and cruel. At times these issues come with looking at the fact that obviously these people are treated differently because of their race. At times the United States feels as if they have so much control over the people that they fail to see that there always are some kind of consequences when it comes to torturing people and at times torturing the wrong people. Human rights are relevant to terrorism as concerns both its victims and its perpetrators. The concept of human rights was first expressed in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which established recognition of the inherent dignity and inalienable rights of all members of the human family (2). The innocent victims of terrorism suffer an attack on their most basic right to live in peace and security. Torturing another human being is inexcusable, no matter the circumstance. Some may justify that the knowledge a terrorist might have could save millions of lives, and that in this case, the ends justify the means. To an extent I agree that the loss of an individuals well-being to save so many others can sometimes be justified. However, torture cannot be justified in this way because it is incapable of achieving its end; torture is not only inhumane, it is also very ineffective. When an individual is tortured for information, that person will say anything you want them to. While being tortured, an individuals number one priority is to make the pain stop by doing whatever the torturer asks. However, if you are torturing someone, they probably dont have much respect for you, and will have no qualms about lying their ass off. If a torturer is trying to get information about a certain subject, he obviously lacks the information he needs, and has no way of being able to tell whether or not the person being tortured is being truthful. Therefore any information from a person being tortured is unreliable and unusable. Torture also promotes terrorism. Terrorist actions against Americans stem from hatred for and a lack of respect towards our country. Whenever we torture a terrorist, members of his organization can use him as a poster child: Look at what the Americans are doing to our people. Look how inhumane they are. Look at how badly they treat us. Though we may hate terrorists for what they have done to our soldiers, torturing them is not a solution. It only continues the cycle. The best thing to do to captured terrorists is to treat them humanely, and give them, and other like-minded individuals, less reason to hate our country.

Art and ?Blue?by Joni Mitchell :: essays research papers

Blue, songs are like tattoos You know I've been to sea before Crown and anchor me Or let me sail away Hey Blue, there is a song for you Ink on a pin Underneath the skin An empty space to fill in Well there're so many sinking now You've got to keep thinking You can make it through these waves Acid, booze, and ass Needles, guns, and grass Lots of laughs, lots of laughs Everybody's saying that hell's the hippest way to go Well I don't think so But I'm gonna take a look around it though Blue, I love you. Blue, here is a shell for you Inside you'll hear a sound A foggy lullaby There is your song from me. (â€Å"Blue†, Joni Mitchell)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As an act of creation, writing a song or playing a passage of music is a development for the artist, a birth. Intercourse begins the artistic cycle, allowing the artist to take into herself the experiences necessary for creation. With time and through tribulations, the artist's carried experiences takes shape. The crescendo climaxes with the pain of birth and the creation of art. This view reveals a lot about the nature of art. For one, art is not created in a vacuum; art draws off of experiences in the artists life. Art also takes time, and involves some pain. The most important and difficult concept for any parent to accept is that child, once outside of the womb, will develop into his or her own person. In this same way, once art is produced, it will have interactions with people other than its creator that are far beyond the scope of what was originally intended. â€Å"Blue,† by Joni Mitchell, is no exception, as it is art. It will always have an intima te relationship to Joni Mitchell, but is also capable of provoking emotion in other people, such as myself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Born November 7, 1943 in Fort McLeod, Alberta, Canada, Joni Mitchell is one of Canada's most prominent celebrities. I don't quite know what experiences she draws on to create blue; all I know are what experiences I draw on when listening to it. â€Å"Blue, song are like tattoos.† With this line I get a feeling of the power of music in general. Tattoos are permanent, just like music is permanent. I can't help but be changed by a song after I listen to it, because it is part of the nature of song. As I implied above, it is important to realize that these statements hold true about the artist as well as the audience.

Reagan Revolution Through President Obama

Strayer University 2012 ‘Reagan Revolution through President Obama† Prof. Jahangir Salehi Alesia Cleveland maitland campus Introduction Will the Obama Revolution advance America’s interest Washington, March 1, 2012-Thomas Jefferson once observed, â€Å"Every generation disserves a new revolution. † Depleted in war and facing economic collapse, America embraced Barrack Obama as a vanguard of the revolutionary hope in 2008. Where candidate Obama had a thin substantive record to assert the claim for highest elective office in 2008, Obama has laid down numerous markers since January 2009 that deserve and should get close scrutiny through Election Day.Turning Points in History Turning points in history can mean that changes in the ways things are done in the past, sometimes for the better and other times for the worse. Two notable turning points in history were the Industrial Revolution and also World War I. These both had some political and social impacts. The I ndustrial Revolution was a time of great change and increased efficiency. No more would be goods be produced by individual means of farming and agriculture, but now by the use of machinery and factories. Technology was beginning to increase along with the food supply as well as the population.However, this increase in population would be a greatly impact the social appearance of that time. Urbanization was becoming much more widespread. Cities were becoming overwhelming crowed and there was an increase in disease as well as severe child labor. Although child labor would be reduced somewhat due to unions, the Industrial Revolution still controlled both its posture and negative results. World War I was another turning point in history. The turning point consisted in the way war fought and how it has changed due in the advances in technology that took place during this time in the 1900s.War was triggered in the Balkans were the Ottoman Empire had once maintained control industrializati on and technology had both contributed in the advances n the development of weapons. The devastatingly was the cause of millions of deaths in World War I. War was fought in trenches and they used machine guns as well as tanks and hand grenades. There was definitely a turning point in the way of war would be fought. However, the most important turning point in the war had to be the involvement of the U. S. The U. S. tried to remain neutral in the war that ended up joining Allies.Thanks’ to the U. S. ’s involvement; however, the Allies received the help needed to win the war. In conclusion we can see the revolution and wars can be lead to positive and negative. How the Aids Epidemic was shook America’s HIV/AIDS continues to take a disproportionate toll on Americans, and Unites States leaders must take action now to address the disease’s devastating effect according to a new report. â€Å"(Arias) throughout history of the epidemic, HIV/AIDS has been a persi stent cause of death in African American community. Reports say that blacks have been affected by HIV/AIDS epidemic and more than half of the new disease diagnose, despite being only 13% of the United States population†. (Arias 1) the HIV/AIDS epidemic is an extremely serious cause of death in the African American community, but its spread can be prevented with the roper treatment and life practices. Many causes have been given on how African Americans are so seriously affected by the disease. The most suggested cause of African Americans contracting the disease is through sexual practices.Some of the sexual practices include unprotected activity. The disease is not just coming from one race but all races of people. The motivation For us to go to war with Iraq and Afghanistan the Bush administration has justified its war against Iraq on the grounds: Saddam Hussein’s alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction, his links to so-called terrorist including the notorio us terror network al-Qaeda, which carried attacks on American interests and soil, and liberating Iraqis from oppression and tyranny and bring it in the fold of democracy Advocates of war in the U.S. administration claimed that Iraq had continued to develop weapons of mass destruction (WMD’S), and with Saddam Hussein capable of making them available to terrorist organizations such as al-Qaeda, it put the U. S. at a imminent risk. The Iraq carried on to seek as well as build weapons of mass destruction further holdup by the U. S. will simply allow Saddam to build up a larger and deadly armory.The Middle East and the Muslim world in wide ranging did not together in carry of al Qaeda history. The Americans public is at the moment trained for war, willing to admit causalities as well as strongly supports the president. In the past seven years there has been immense treaty of tension to the United States and Iraq the United States have been converting demeanor. References www. dail ykos. com www. aei. org/the Reagan revolution www. iv3. newsmax. com/a/real_obama

Anatomy of a Picture Book Essay

Format/Size †¢Rectangular—This is the shape of most books †¢Horizontal—Often used to in stories about journeys †¢Vertical—May be used for â€Å"larger than life† characters oCohn, Amy L. Abraham Lincoln. oIsaacs, Anne. Swamp Angel. †¢Cutout forms—cutout in the form of buildings, animals, etc. Book Jacket/Dust Jacket †¢Think of a book jacket as a small poster wrapped around the book with flaps on the front and back. oOriginally used to keep books from being soiled oNow used to be eye-catching, to encourage you to pick up the book. †¢Should be appealing from a reasonable distance through its form and color †¢Provides important information about the book  oTitle oAuthor oIllustrator oShould predict the contents of the book oShould convey the age group for the book oBack of book jacket normally includes the book’s barcode with ISBN (International Standard Book Number) number, a unique number to identify a book. †¢Jacket areas oFace—front that faces us as the book is closed and lies on the table ? Is the picture on the cover repeated inside the book or is it unique? If the cover is repeated, it anticipates the plot of the story. ?Does the cover contradict the story? Is the cover mystifying? ?Cover may reflect most dramatic or enticing episode in story. However, the cover should not tell so much that it destroys the suspense of the story. ?Is the cover framed? Framing creates a sense of detachment. oBack—back of the jacket should relate to the front ?Consider how the book jacket flows from the front to the back ? When the jacket is flattened, the design should be homogeneous and consistent ? If you want to be a collector of children’s books, protect the book jackets by covering them in plastic. oWrap-around cover—uses one illustration that wraps around from the front to the back oBook flaps—include background information about the book. May also tell about the author and/or illustrator, etc. oSpine—located to the left, along the bound edge of the book. This is a narrow panel which you see when the book is shelved. Normally includes the title, author, publisher, and sometimes the illustrator. Book Casing/Book Cover †¢Stiff-cased casing—This is what you find underneath the book jacket. This is hard to see on library copies that have plastic put over the covers that is taped down. oSome book covers are simply a repeat of the book jacket. oThe higher quality picture books have a different book casing that is a type of cloth. ?Consider how this contributes to the overall design of the book. Consider color of the cloth, use of patterns, ornaments, or drawings. Does the color used fit the book? oDesigns on casing—This design normally refers to the central motif or symbol of the book. ?Blind stamp—sunken image of the same color as the casing ? Die stamp—sunken image of different color than the casing. Endpapaper (Endsheets) †¢Serve as structural bond between body of book and casing. They are glued down to casing to hold the book together. They are usually of heaver stock paper. oEndpapers may be a solid color, have a design, map, illustration, etc. Sometimes they convey important additional information. If the book is well designed the endpapers should be an integral part of the story. ?Color of endpapers may be symbolic to the story. †¢Endpapers should offer a transition between the exterior and the interior of the book, a â€Å"welcome† into the book. †¢Sometimes the narrative of the book actually begins on the endpapers. †¢Check to see if the front and back endpapers are exactly the same. If they are different, there is a significant reason. †¢Not included in paperback books. Front Matter †¢Front matter includes the beginning pages of the book through the title page and copyright page. Front matter may include blank or extra pages at the beginning of the book. oSets mood for story and may amplify meaning by indentifying books’ main character, setting, theme, etc. †¢Half title page (false title page)—placed before the title page and usually includes only the title and an illustration. Not found in every book. †¢Title page—includes title, author, illustrator, publisher. The illustration used on the title page should be one of the best found in the whole book. May be a detail of some picture in the body of the book. oDouble-page spread—a design that is unified across two pages oTwo distinct pages—one page has illustration; the other has text †¢Copyright page—back or verso of the title page. oContains circled â€Å"c† or word â€Å"copyright† with the year of publication and the name of the copyright owner. oAlso includes the book’s printing numbers or printing code. A first printing of a book may in the future become very valuable. ?First edition â€Å"generally means the book you are holding is the first printing of the first edition, in other words the first appearance of this particular text† (Horning 13). oIf a book was first published outside of the U. S. or a book is a translation, the original title, publisher, and date appear on the copyright page. oMay include the technique the illustrator used for the book, such as watercolor, gouache, colored pencils, oils, etc. oOften includes the name of the book’s typeface. oNormally includes the Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data (abbreviated as CIP). This information helps libraries catalog books faster. Includes call numbers for books and may include a summary of the book, as well as the author, illustrator, title, and publisher. †¢Dedication page—may be included in the book. If book’s have separate authors and illustrators, there may be dedications from both individuals. Dedications may give clues to interesting personal information about the author/illustrator. Back Matter †¢Pages in the back of the book after main part of the book. Sometimes the copyright page is part of the back matter. †¢May include author/illustrator information, photographs, reviews, etc. †¢May also include source notes, glossary, index, bibliographies, acknowledgements, notes on the illustrations, other supplemental information, suggested activities to use with children, etc. Body of the Book †¢Main section of the book—what’s between the front matter and back matter. †¢Signature—pages inside the book are sewed or fastened together in one ore more sections classed signatures. A standard signature is sixteen pates. †¢Typeface/typography selected for book should fit the story. For emphasis, fonts may change (size, bold, italics). Layout of the text may also change to emphasize certain elements of the story. †¢Paper—should be of quality. May be matte, shiny, etc. Shiny paper gives a smooth, glazed surface that gives a high sheen and intensifies the colors. May also be heavier paper stock or textured. †¢Gutter—the middle area where pages come together. The illustrations that go over the gutter should not be misaligned or have missing parts because they are â€Å"caught† or lost in the gutter. †¢Placement of the text oVery formal—text placed opposite the illustrations on an adjacent page. A border or frame around the text or illustrations is even more formal. oFormal—text positioned above or beneath the illustrations. oInformal—text shaped with irregular boundaries to fit inside, outside, between, around, or to the side of the illustrations. oVery formal—no text at all (as in wordless books). †¢Placement of the illustrations oDouble-page spread—both facing pages are used for an illustration. The illustration â€Å"spreads across† both pages. Wanda Gag is credited with inventing this technique in her book Millions of Cats. oBorders—an outer edge or boundary, a frame, that encloses text and/or illustrations. Borders have decorative or geometric designs, folk designs from a particular culture, or visual symbols that relate to the story. oPanels—use of vertical sections to break apart an illustration. oVignettes—also called spot art. Small illustrations integrated into the layout of a single or double-page spread. They often allow the illustrator to tell a story through various stages. †¢Page turner element—what on a page makes you want to turn the page to continue the story? oIllustration—is there something in the picture that makes you want to turn the page? A figure facing right on the right hand page is often a page turner element. oText—is there something in the story that encourages you to turn the page? Integrated Whole †¢Visual symbolism—use of physical objects in the illustrations to represent abstract ideas. For example, a dove may symbolize love, gentleness, innocence, timidity, or peace. †¢A high quality picture book (like those which are Caldecott winners or honor books) should be well designed from the book jacket to the back matter, including the endpapers, and book casing. EECE 441 Prof. Sibley Minnesota State University Moorhead Bibliography Harms, Jeanne McLain, and Lucille J. Lettow. â€Å"Book Design Elements: Integrating the Whole. † Childhood Education 75. 1 (1998): 17-24. Education Full Text. Wilson Web. Livingston Lord Library, Moorhead, MN. 28 Aug. 2005 http://hwwilsonweb.com/. ___. â€Å"Book Design: Extending Verbal and Visual Literacy. † Journal of Youth Services in Libraries 2. 2 (1989): 136-42. Horning, Kathleen T. From Cover to Cover: Evaluating and Reviewing Children’s Books. New York: HarperCollins, 1997. Matulka, Denise I. â€Å"Anatomy of a Picture Book. † 24 April 2005. Picturing Books. 28 August 2005 http://picturingbooks. imaginarylands. org/. Pitz, Henry C. Illustrating Children’s Books: History, Technique, Production. New York: Watson-Guptill, 1963. Troy, Ann. â€Å"Publishing. † CBC Features. July-Dec. 1989.  ©Carol Hanson Sibley, August 2005

Cannabis Sativa Essays - Medicinal Plants, Herbalism, Free Essays

Cannabis Sativa Essays - Medicinal Plants, Herbalism, Free Essays Cannabis Sativa Hemp is the plant called cannabis sativa which is more commonly called marijuana.Marijuana has been illegal in the U.S.. ever since the Great Depression. The question we must ask ourselves is why?Why is a drug that has so many beneficial uses illegal? Is it because its poisoning the youth of today? Is it because itleads to harder drugs, the health problems, the addictiveness, the short-term memory impairment, the auto accidents,or is it simply because politicians tell us it is for our own good? We have grown up learning that marijuana is aterrible drug, and that using it gives us brain damage, kill all of our brain cells, and makes us lose our memory.The fact is though, that marijuana does not effect us in any of the ways listed above. The idea that marijuanaimpairs short-term memory is true, but misleading. Any signs of short-term memory impairment vanish once the user isno longer intoxicated. Mainly the reason we think marijuana is bad is because that is what the Partnership for aD rug-Free America wants us to believe. They tell us that marijuana will cause brain damage and memory impairment,it will kill brain cells, and lead to more crime. But what they forget to mention is all the benefits we can receive fromlegalizing marijuana. For example, the medicinal uses, and the textile and construction uses. It is very likely thatlegalizing marijuana would decrease the crime rate, and by legalizing marijuana we will save a lot of money becausewe won't have to spend it on fighting marijuana as part of the War on Drugs. There are many habits much worsethan marijuana, one example being cigarette smoking. Tobacco smoking kills more people each year than AIDS,heroin, crack, cocaine, alcohol, car accidents, fire and murder combined. Tobacco smoking is the number onecause of preventable death in the US. Tobacco smokers have 10 times the lung cancer of nonsmokers, twice theheart disease, and are three times more likely to die of heart disease if they develop it. Does it mak e sense thattobacco is legal and marijuana is not, when so many people die from tobacco smoking each year and there is not onereported case of anyone ever dying from marijuana use in its 10,000 years of consumption? You have probably heardthat one joint is that same as 10 cigarettes, but this statement is misleading. ALthough marijuana contains the sameamount of carcinogens as an equal amount of tobacco and more tar, tobacco is still worse. Every yr 350,000Americans die from tobacco-related disease according to the American Lung Association. A tobacco smokerconsumes much more tobacco than a marijuana smoker consumes marijuana. This is probably because tobaccohas a 90% addiction rate while marijuana is less addictive than caffeine. Also, tobacco contains nicotine that mayharden the arteries and may be responsible for much of the heart diseases caused by cigarette smoking. Marijuana onthe other hand contains the chemical THC which opens up the lungs and aids in the clearance of smoke and dirt. Ithink it is safe to say that tobacco smoking is much more dangerous than marijuana smoking. Another bad habit isalcohol, which in my opinion is the worst of all. 8,000 American teenagers are killed each year and 40,000maimed from driving under the influence. The mortality figures for alcohol use are 100,000 annually, compared to thezero marijuana deaths. The amount of marijuana needed to kill someone is 1 to 40,000, while the ratio for alcoholfluctuates between 1 to 4 and 1 to 10. Not only do many people die each year from alcohol poisoning, but alcoholhas caused thousands of fatal car accidents. Although, marijuana, when used to the point of intoxication, impairsjudgement and reaction time, actual studies suggest that the effect alcohol has on one's driving ability is muchgreater than that of marijuana. In fact, it is found that 85% of marijuana related car accidents also involved alcohol. It issad to think that a legal drug like alcohol, the drug of choice for most teen s, causes so many fatalities on ourhighways each year, yet marijuana is the drug that is illegal. I personally feel that marijuana is an amazing plant, andit should be being utilized today. The problem is that most people don't know the benefits that can come frommarijuana.

Human Mate Choice-science of sex appeal being biologically imperative Research Paper

Human Mate Choice-science of sex appeal being biologically imperative - Research Paper Example Therefore, it is important that proper sex appeal and science of human reproduction be clearly understood for people to understand deeply the human mate choice (Messer, 2010). Generally, human mate choice is a behavioral aspect of human beings. In relation to human behavioral ecology, it involves the evolution of human behaviour in regards the choices that people made before and the choices they make today. Indeed, due to the evolution of human behaviour over the years, it is practically impossible for people to make the same choices today as they used to make several years ago. This is basically as a result of generational changes whose influence in people’s behaviour dictate that human beings behave differently in different environments. In other words, the strategies that human beings adopt in a certain environment (for example 50 years ago) may not be the same strategies they adopt in contemporary social environment. This paper will discuss the behaviour of human beings in choosing their mates as well as the science sex appeal from an anthology point of view. According to human reproduction system and human anatomy studies, men and women are significantly different on the sex appeal choice they always make. Generally, men are always promiscuous while on the other hand women are at times selective on the choice of sex partner they choose. Again, before women make the best choice, they look for some qualities from men whereas men only go for physical looks of a woman. The major characteristic of human beings that make people different from other animals is the ability to speak and use their mind selectively. In addition, human beings’ physical appearance also makes them unique and more different on the way they do things. This differences and uniqueness of human beings make people value and even be different on matters dealing with sex from the rest of other creatures. To be more clear, it is true that biological imperatives control and direct h uman beings sexual behavior (Messer, 2010). According to studies, it has been found that sex appeal is scientifically and theoretically proven biologically imperative. This is because evolution in most cases is what is controlling human beings’ sexual desires. According to evolution, human beings are the only creatures that are able to walk upright after evolving from similar walking styles with other primates. Again, after evolution, human beings and in particular females changed their external body parts appearance including the location of the vagina, which later made it very difficult to be accessed by males (Kalbe et al, 2009). In most cases, it is always found that, due to sex differences, women tend to have likeness and preferences for partners who are higher or greater than they are in terms of status, education, and even wealth. In contrast to this, men always look for girls, who are virgin, healthy, and physically attractive (Elias, Menon, Wetzel, & Williams 2010). Evolutionary theory clearly indicates that human beings mate choices have evolved and mostly focus on the exploitation of resources, social well-being , physical appearance, and capital investment of the opposite sex partner. In most cases, similarities and differences in the choice and preferences of a partner mostly depend on the form of reproductive potential and investment of

Contract Creation and Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Contract Creation and Management - Assignment Example C-S claims quality of deliverables from Span has been unacceptable and behind schedule. C-S has demanded immediate transfer of all unfinished codes as it cannot afford to reschedule slips. C-S has also asserted the recession of the contract. Span, on the other hand, claims user requirements have grown disproportionately. Additionally, span claims C-S’s review time and approval was affected due to change in the structure of project management. In the simulation between Span Systems and C-S, both parties had a valid contract. C-S offered Span Systems a contract to create banking software to market within one year. Span accepted the legal offer and promised to deliver the software on time. However, there was a breach of contract between the two parties, and the contract required restructuring and clarification. When creating the contract, every clause should be fiercely negotiated as this will help both parties reach a consensus easily. Each party did not have a clear understanding of the specific requirements of the project. The final contract did not clearly define the roles and it was also ambiguous. There are various principles that apply to such issues. In this case, the contract should clearly define each party’s role as this will help in understanding roles. A successful business partnership can be achieved only if a contract is carefully reviewed before sign-off. Clarity of purpose is an essential aspect that ensures successful contracts. C-S asserted the recession of the contract with Span, but Span developed some negotiation points that could help save the project. There are contract clauses that can be used to start negotiations between C-S and Span. It is essential to analyze the pros and cons of each contract clause in consideration for the termination of the contract: requirements change which refers to changes in the user and system requirements since originally determined in the system study stage, substantial

Human Embryonic Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Embryonic Research - Essay Example â€Å"Natural law†¦permitted: (1) if the action was good in itself or not evil, (2) if the good followed as immediately from the cause†¦, (3) if only the good effect was intended, and (4) if there was as important a reason for [the good] as for allowing the evil effect.†1 This proves, in effect, only that natural law allows for some freedom of interpretation, supposing that the good effect trumps the evil effect. Natural law does not go so far as to say, â€Å"Embryos are not feeling beings therefore they don’t deserve the same respect as human beings.† Even though embryos are potential human lives in the sense that, yes, the sperm has joined the egg—this a baby does not make. An embryo goes through nine (9) months of gestation in order to form a fully-formed human being. Anything less is not considered—for all legal purposes—a person. Of course, one could rationalize that, sure, an embryo is just a person in an undeveloped stage. T he fact is, if one can’t describe with words what constitutes a life, then one does not know what a life constitutes. People can cry foul and say all they want about â€Å"it was the chicken before the egg,† but what they really don’t understand is that human life is a miracle in the making and it can’t be explained by natural law. ... Human life comes in the form of a completely formed skeletal system, nervous system, and parasympathetic nervous system—and not a moment before. Embryos should be regarded as potentially sentient beings. One can tell if embryos can feel pain by doing research as to whether they can feel. However, just because an embryo is sensitive and feels (is sentient)—that does not anywhere near begin to approach the argument that an embryo is indeed a rational being—it’s just nature. This does not mean that embryos are rational beings, because rational beings have free will. However, the fact that embryos are absent of having free will does not necessarily prove that they are rational beings either. Indeed, it would be very difficult to prove that embryos are rational beings even though they are feeling or sentient beings. It could be hypothesized that, since embryos might be able to move away from the heat or cold, that they can rationalize because they can tell the difference between hot and cold. However, whether this would just be a natural gut reaction or demonstrate the embryo’s ability to rationalize, that would be difficult to tell. Just because someone has an allergic reaction to histamines does not mean that the person is rational—it only means exactly that, that they are allergic to histamines. We cannot be making up stories about what we believe to be true about embryos—we must maintain the truth about what an embryo can and cannot do, and what an embryo is and what an embryo isn’t. Until we have these definitions fixed in our minds as to what an embryo constitutes, we will never be able to have a polite discussion or even debate with people who are convinced that embryos are human lives incarnate. The debate may

The Characteristics of Effective Groups Essay Example for Free

The Characteristics of Effective Groups Essay According to Johnson Johnson (2009), groups are defined as two or more people joined together for a common purpose to achieve a goal and influence each other. There are many different types of groups and groups exist for many reasons. Groups are interdependent â€Å"in the sense that an event which affects one member is likely to affect all† (Johnson Johnson, 2009, Chap. 1, pg. 6). Most groups are structured by a set of roles and norms. These roles define what part members of the group will play along with acceptable behavior of each role. Norms are a set of rules that are established through common beliefs and shared values that control the behavior of the group by defining what is acceptable or unacceptable behavior based on the situation (Johnson Johnson, 2009). This paper will provide an overview of an effective group through my personal experiences, explain roles members have played, and explain how group participation is expressed through verbal and nonverbal communication and leadership. Lastly, this paper will discuss how each of these things have contributed to the group’s effectiveness. Effective Groups Effective groups work together to achieve individual goals and team goals, and foster two-way communication between the leader and team members. The team only succeeds when everyone succeeds and resolve conflict in a constructive manner (Johnson Johnson, 2009). Working together in this setting promotes teamwork and a happy work environment. It also encourages people to be individuals and fosters innovation. Johnson Johnson (2009) have stated in order for an effective group to succeed â€Å"the group must achieve its’ goals, maintain good working relationships among members, and adapt to changing conditions in the surrounding organization† to include internal and external influences (Chap. 1, pg. 24). Roles The roles each member plays in the call center are defined by the job description that states functions a member is to carry out based on their role. The groups are structured in a hierarchy of a call center director who would serve as the group chair, a team of supervisors who would be considered committee chairs to help facilitate the effectiveness of the group, that have 20 direct reports or members. Once the group is organized the leader must establish clear and achievable goals. The goals must be able to satisfy individual needs in order to gain commitment from each member, but the group must also see that these goals cannot be achieved without other members of the group. If the goals are set and they are not attainable then members will feel discouraged and unmotivated to achieve the goals. These goals provide a guideline for the group to work by. Communication Once the goals are established they must be communicated to the group. Communication is a vital part of the group being able to achieve these goals as members must be able to exchange information to reduce misunderstandings and clarify work that needs to be done. Effective communication occurs when the â€Å"sender’s message is interpreted the way the sender intended it† resulting in work being accomplished more accurately and efficiently (Johnson Johnson, 2009, Chap. 4, pg. 133). Two-way communication involves both the sender and receiver engaging in open dialogue and being able to share ideas and feelings, rather than the sender communicating the message to the receiver and limiting the receiver sharing responses. Although two-way communication is more time-consuming this is the method that is used with the effective group at my job to encourage group participation, limit frustration, encourage innovation, and increased productivity. Communication is also delivered through different channels verbally and nonverbally that the receiver will have to interpret. Some of the channels that are used are presentations that can be verbally and nonverbal, face-to- face communication, email, group meetings, questionnaires, surveys, reports, conferences, and more. The receiver will pay attention to pictures, words (spoken and unspoken), body language, facial expressions, seating arrangements to show authority, size of the room, invitees, lighting, props used to facilitate the message, and more. Communication should be clear, informative, and delivered using methods assessable to everyone. Employees should have an opportunity to ask questions and managers should also follow-up with employees to ensure they are on the right track. Leadership and Participation In order to establish an effective group, leadership and participation must be distributed amongst all group members to ensure commitment on everyone’s part and to take advantage of all the resources within the group (Johnson Johnson 2009). Two leadership approaches that I’ve continued to use is the â€Å"Try this and What do you think? † These have been both very effective working in a call center, especially one that is new. Within our call center employees are always learning new ways of doing things and improving upon processes, but we simply can’t do it without feedback. Feedback is an important resource that we rely on as managers to tell us what our employees like and dislike and it aids our employees in their development to reinforce positive and negative behavior. As a manager I wear many hats, one of them being a coach. Coaching helps employees identify strengths and weaknesses, and offers guidance without telling the employee what to do. This has been effective because it facilitates conversation between the employee and leader and allows two-way conversation versus it being one-sided. When one effectively coaches and offers suggestions, employees know you care and have an interest in what they are doing and often times will exceed performance expectations because of successful coaching. Once the employees meets/exceeds the manager can continue to give them task that will stretch them and challenge them to aid in their continued growth and development. When coaching employees it will be important to set SMART Goals and ensure that tasks are assigned appropriately according to the employees skillset otherwise, this may hinder development and frustrate the employee. Using the â€Å"What do you think? † approach is considered participative leadership. All decisions made within an organization should not be the sole responsibility of leaders. Depending on the type of decision being made should determine who is involved in the decision making process. By consulting the group the manager is more apt to get buy-in when implementing change and it shows the group that you value their opinion. Although this can be a time consuming approach according to Yukl (2006), when employees feel like they are part of the process they are more likely to accept decisions and performance and morale increases, along with commitment of employees. Leaders will have to be careful that employees have time to participate and aren’t overloaded with work, subordinates share the leader’s goals and tasks, ensure criteria for determining decision is fair so the ajority will be likely to accept the decision, and one’s personal views don’t impact the decision. I’ve used this approach of decision making when trying to find out what type of rewards employees would like so they would work harder to achieve the goal versus me going out and buying things that they will not benefit from resulting in them not being motivated to achieve the goal. This approach can be effective when used for the right reasons and not the leader wanting to avoid the decision making process. Match Decision-Making with the needs of the Situation From time to time leaders will have to make decision that can not be derived out of group consensus. According to Yukl (2006) Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard proposed the situational leadership theory that states the approach a leader takes will be based on the situation, subordinate maturity, and level of influence one needs to complete the task. Effective situational leadership â€Å"acts as one function between the leader style, maturity of follower, and situation and each must be appropriate for one another† (1000 Ventures, 2009). The style of the leader is not consistent with each person because one’s behavior, level of understanding, and commitment to the task may change depending on the situation therefore, the leader must be prepared to use a variety of leadership styles. The key to effective situational leadership is to effectively understand the situation, provide employees with the appropriate tools to learn and aid in development through coaching and feedback, along with keeping individuals motivated. It is never appropriate to assume that all individuals are on the same level because people have different life experiences and needs therefore, proper questioning and observation should be used to be effective at situational leadership. Leaders have to be careful that their leadership style is appropriate for the situation and if not this could be perceived negatively in which the leader will have to make an adjustment. I have used situational leadership as a manager and have found that it is important when the situation affects the group to get the groups buy-in by presenting the problem, getting suggestions, and then making a decision. Resolving Conflict in Constructive Ways No group is perfect and disagreements are bound to happen from misunderstandings, lack of communication or clear goals, personal opinions however, with effective groups disagreements are beneficial, but must be resolved in a constructive manner. According to Johnson Johnson (2009), disagreements promote â€Å"creative decision making and problem solving, promote involvement in the groups work, and commitment to implementing group decisions† (Chap. , pg. 27). Group challenges also ensure that the minority is heard rather than always going with the majority and everyone has a voice. If disagreements are not handled timely and addressed they can destroy the group. Members of effective groups resolve their conflict through compromise, negotiation, analyzing problems by using supporting data, and ensuring the process is fair and everyone is heard to come up with the best solution for the group and leave all members satisfied. If the group is unable to reach a decision then they may enter into a process called mediation whereby an appointed member may determine the best course of action and the group will trust the decision made by the appointed member and move on (Johnson Johnson, 2009). Conclusion All groups are set up based on a structure that includes roles and norms to provide a basic framework for members to function. In order for the group to be effective members must understand what roles they play in order to avoid role conflict and acknowledge the norms exist and they must follow them or accept consequences for not following them. Effective groups use their ability to influence and increase the knowledge and skill of each other and react to issues in a positive manner to resolve conflict to allow the group to run more smoothly. In order for these issues to be well managed the group has to understand the organization’s strategy and business objectives and continually look to the future needs of the organization, consumer, employee, environment, and economy due to continual changes to ensure the organization and group is able to keep up. By each member maintaining its’ commitment to the group, having clear goals and understanding of how they fit in, maintaining clear and open lines of communication, proper balance of leadership and participation to ensure balance of workloads and direction, along with proper channels to resolve conflict will continue to contribute to the group’s effectiveness and enable long lasting effective groups.

Mental State Examination (MSE) Case Study

Mental State Examination (MSE) Case Study Lachlan Donnet-Jones Giving examples from the case study, how would you describe Amanda’s behaviour and appearance as set out in a Mental State Examination (MSE)? A Mental State Examination (MSE) is defined as â€Å"[a] medical examination comprising the systematic evaluation of the mental status of the patient† (Dorland, 2011). A MSE evaluates many characteristics of a patient including appearance, psychomotor behaviour, speech, thinking and perception, emotional state including affect and mood, insight and judgment, intelligence, sensorium, attention and concentration, and memory (Dorland, 2011). The initial segments evaluated during a MSE are appearance and behaviour. It is important to note the patient’s appearance as this can provide useful information into the level of self-care, daily living skills and lifestyle of the patient. Behaviour is important to record as it can provide much insight into the patient’s emotional state and attitude. A MSE is an important process in determining a patient’s capacity to make [or not] independent health care decisions and provide the necessary support to better the patients welfare (Volicer, 2011). Appearance: The initial insight into Amanda’s appearance occurs as the paramedic crew arrive, finding her ‘sitting upright, looking dazed and anxious with shortness of breath’. It is apparent that Amanda appears distressed, confused and anxious enough to cause her to become dyspnoeic (shortness of breath) (Shiber and Santana, 2006). Amanda is a young woman with dyed, untidy and matted hair who presents with a poor level of personal hygiene and self-care. Amanda has many facial piercings, her pupils are extremely dilated and her arms are covered in sores. Subsequent to Amanda’s arrival at the emergency department (ED) she appears very tense and her facial expressions change rapidly from smiling to terrified. Amanda’s mother re-counted that Amanda ‘comes home dishevelled and dirty’, and that she has ‘lost a lot of weight’. Behaviour: Following the handover to the clinician at the hospital, it is observed that Amanda appears to be suffering a level of psychomotor agitation as she is ‘very tense†¦ pacing up and down the corridor wringing her hands’. Amanda appears unable to focus, demonstrated by abnormal and erratic eye movements, ‘her eyes stare intensely either into the ceiling above or at staff members’. Amanda appears to be suspicious of and distrust staff members as she distances herself as much as possible from any physical contact and enters the room ‘like she’s about to enter a trap’. During the interview Amanda screams ‘They’re everywhere. Everywhere†¦under my skin!’. Amanda appears to be experiencing tactile hallucinations, she believes there is something beneath her skin, when there is not. Amanda also appears to be experiencing auditory sensation (voices) without an authentic (real) stimulus i.e. auditory hallucinations. This is seen as she looks up at the ceiling yelling ‘Shut up shut up shut up!!!!!! then distressed, proceeds to scream and hold her ears as if to block a loud noise’ and furthermore, ‘Why am I here!!! You won’t tell her anything will you?’. Amanda talks about ‘her’, which may be referring to her mother, but it may also be referring to someone else. Define cognition and then briefly discuss how we might interpret how both Amanda’s thought content and thought form are disturbed? Cognition is defined as ‘the mental processes by which a person acquires knowledge.’ Among these are reasoning, creative actions and solving problems (Marcovitch, 2009). Cognition is an essential in determining what we think and how we think. In an MSE, thought form and thought content are used to gain an understanding of the patients thinking, specifically how they think (form) and what they are thinking of (content) (Trzepacz and Baker, 1993). Thought form is the quantity, rate, tempo and logical coherence of a person’s thoughts. The thought form may include highly irrelevant comments, frequent changes in topic and pressured or halted speech (Kaufman and Zun, 1995). In contrast, thought content refers to selective attention (focus on a selective topic), preoccupation or exaggerated concern (obsessions, compulsions and hypochondria) and distorting or ignoring reality (illusions, hallucinations and delusions) (Trzepacz and Baker, 1993). During Amanda’s interview a number of sentences allude to disturbed thought content such as ‘You know don’t you? You know it’s in my veins!’ and ‘Every one of us is falling – the whole planet is falling!’. Amanda’s exclamations are examples of unsubstantiated thinking and are possibly part of an illusion. The thought form of such exclamations is disorganised, hastily changing from one topic to another, â€Å"they’re in my veins†, â€Å"the whole planet is falling!†, ‘Shut up shut up shut up!!† and ‘Forgive me! Forgive me!’. While the specific idea changes there is a recurrent theme to Amanda’s thought content, disastrous, guilty and fearful situations that are beyond her control. It is evident based on the irrelevant topics and unsubstantiated thinking observed in Amanda’s speech that her thought content is disturbed. Amanda’s thought form also appears distu rbed demonstrated by the ‘flight of idea’s’ she experiences and her inability to focus on a relevant topic within the context of the situation (Trzepacz and Baker, 1993). Briefly explain the differences between hearing and listening. Choose two skills of listening and discuss how you would use these skills to effectively communicate with Amanda. What are some of the barriers you might face in the process? Listening is defined as ‘a complex process that encompasses the skills of reception, perception and interpretation of input.’ (Stein-Parbury, 2013). As opposed to hearing, listening is consciously chosen, one must be paying ‘active attention to what is being said’ (Stein-Parbury, 2013). Additionally there are two terms for listening, active and passive. Active listening is effective listening. It requires concentration to process words into meaning which in turn leads to learning. Hearing, or passive listening, is one of the five senses a human possesses, it is simply perceiving sound (vibrations) via the ear. Hearing alone is a subconscious process and happens automatically. A nursing research paper provides a succinct definition of the difference between hearing and listening. Hearing is ‘being there’ for patients whereas listening is ‘being with’ patients (Fredriksson, 1999). In order to conduct effective active listening and exchange information with patients a clinician needs to possess the required listening skills. There are five categories of listening skills; perceiving; interpreting; recalling; and attending and observing, which will be discussed in relation to Amanda’s case (Stein-Parbury, 2013). Observation from the clinician is important in Amanda’s case as much information can be learnt simply from observing Amanda’s behaviour. Observing involves paying careful attention to what is expressed and how it is expressed (Stein-Parbury, 2013). Non-verbal cues such as facial expression, eye contact, body posture and movements ‘[convey] emotional and relational information [Henry et al. 2012] that can inform the clinician of Amanda’s feelings and emotional state. The clinician notices that Amanda is ‘wringing her hands from time to time’, which may suggest she is feeling nervous and anxious. This is an example of observation, by paying careful attention to Amanda’s non-verbal cues (hand wringing) the clinician has an increased awareness of Amanda’s feelings. Amanda’s eyes ‘stare intensely either into the ceiling above or at staff members’, the clinician may interpret this as a sign of distrust and suspicion. Using this knowledge the clinician recognises the absence of trust and can address this in his response to build rapport. Although observing and interpreting the patient’s non-verbal cues is important, it is equally important for the clinician to provide their own non-verbal cues for the patient to interpret. This is referred to as attending. A common mnemonic used for this is SOLER (Sit squarely, Open posture, Lean forward, Eye-contact, Relaxed) (Egan, 2002). Encouragement such as quiet murmuring (e.g. â€Å"Mmm†) and head nodding is also used to show attentiveness and openness, allowing the patient to feel understood. Despite many methods of encouragement and understanding the clinician may still find barriers with particular patients. In Amanda’s case some barriers may include Amanda’s apparent lack of awareness to her environment, she may be unable to listen or acknowledge the clinician, such as when she is staring at the ceiling. Amanda’s hallucinations can potentially disrupt or prevent any congruent conversation and distort her responses. Observation and attending are important skills in listening as they are ‘fundamental in establishing effective relationships’ (Stein-Parbury, 2013). Using listening skills to develop a comprehensive understanding of Amanda’s situation the clinician can respond accordingly in a manner that matches Amanda’s needs. Define therapeutic communication. Using case study examples, explain the difficulties involved in communication when managing a complex scene that includes an anxious patient who presents in the emergency department with a distressed and demanding relative. Hungerford (2011) defines therapeutic communication as ‘a communication technique utilised by a health professional to engage with a person and enable them to achieve personal change’. It is essentially the face to face communication between clinician and patient that aims to enable positive change in the patient. An anxious patient such as Amanda can be difficult to manage, especially in the presence of bystanders or relatives who are distressed, in Amanda’s case it is her mother. While Amanda’s mother may mean well, she is most likely contributing to Amanda’s anxiety. Rather than aiding health professionals she is hindering their ability to reduce Amanda’s anxiety as she ‘[is] constantly obstructing and getting in their way causing interruptions’. In addition to increasing Amanda’s anxiety, health professional’s attention may be taken away from Amanda and focused on calming the mother down. This has a negative impa ct of the patient’s well-being, increasing the time it takes to de-escalate the situation and decrease the patient’s anxiety. Amanda’s mother’s constant interruptions have a negative impact of the patient’s well-being. For example, ‘She is not right; she is really unwell’ as heard from Amanda’s perspective is escalating the situation, making Amanda feel worse than she has too and increasing her anxiety. A potential method to avoid relatives increasing patient anxiety is to separate them. The paramedics separate them during transport, taking Amanda in the ambulance where she can receive further care that is needed, and Amanda’s mother via police. At the ED Amanda’s mother continues to interrupt clinicians. To remove the potential of increasing Amanda’s distress, the clinician interviews Amanda alone. Although Amanda’s mum provided important information it was beneficial to interview Amanda alone. In a situation where a relative is distressed and interferes with treatment it is most appropriate to kindly separate them from the patient, take them to another area where they can calm down and perhaps have a drink or some food. What are the key components of an effective handover between health professionals from different disciplines? Discuss the important considerations of patient handover in regards to objective information and confidentiality (8). A clinical handover is ‘the transfer of professional responsibility and accountability for some or all aspects of care for a patient, or group of patients, to another person or professional group on a temporary or permanent basis’ (National Patient Safety Agency, 2014). The aim of the handover is to establish effective communication of clinical information during patient transfer from the care of one health professional to another. There are numerous steps or processes involved in an effective handover. First, the clinician sending information needs to show strong leadership. Second, any members of the medical team involved in the care of the patient prior to or subsequent to the handover should have an active role in the handover. Third, a multifaceted quantity of information involving the patients past, current and future care should be provided. Finally, the fourth step is to ensure patients that are not stable are quickly reviewed, further care is planned and the tasks are prioritised appropriately (AMA, 2006). Patients expect that confidentiality is respected and personal information is treated with utmost care. Confidentiality is an important legal obligation of health professionals. Delicate and sensitive information regarding patient care should not be discussed in potentially compromised areas, ideally in private quarters away from the public. A final factor to consider during patient handover is the level of objective information. Objective information is fact-based, measurable and observable, as opposed to subjective information which is based on personal opinions, interpretations and judgement (Hjà ¸rland, 2007). Health professionals are required to avoid relaying information that is judgemental, opinion and subjective as this form of information can lead to misinformed health professionals which consequently creates poor or inappropriate patient care (Hemmings and Brown, 2009). References AMA (2006) Safe handover: Safe patients: Guidance on clinical handover for clinicians and managers. Australian Medical Association. Kingston, ACT, Australia. Dorland, (2011). Mental Status Examination. In:  Dorlands illustrated medical dictionary, 20th ed. Philadelphia, USA: Elsevier Health Sciences. Egan, G. (2002). The skilled helper: a problem-management and opportunity-development approach to helping. 7th edition. Pacific Grove, California: Brooks/Cole. Fredriksson, L., 1999. Modes of relating in caring conversation: a research synthesis on presence, touch and listening. Journal of Advanced Nursing 30, 1167-1176. Hemmings, C Owen L, Brown, T 2009. Lost in translation: Maximizing handover effectiveness between paramedics and receiving staff in the emergency department,Emergency Medicine Australasia, 21, 2, pp. 102-107, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 4 May 2014. Henry, S.G., Fuhrel-Forbis, A., Rogers, M.A.M., et al., 2012. Association between nonverbal communication during clinical interactions and outcomes and outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Patient Education and Counselling 86, 297-315. Hjà ¸rland, B. (2007). Information: Objective or subjective/situational?. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci., 58:1448–1456. doi:10.1002/asi.20620 Kaufman, D. and Zun, L. (1995). A quantifiable, Brief Mental Status Examination for emergency patients.The Journal of emergency medicine, 13(4), pp.449456. Marcovitch, H. (2009). Cognition. In:Blacks Medical Dictionary, 42nd ed. A C Black. National Patient safety Agency, (2014). As cited inSafe handover: safe patients. London: British Medical Association, p.7. Shiber, J. and Santana, J. (2006). Dyspnea.Medical Clinics of North America, 90(3), pp.453-479. Stein-Parbury, J. (2013).Patient and person. 5th ed. Sydney: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. Trzepacz, P. and Baker, R. (1993).The Psychiatric Mental Status Examination. 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press. Volicer, L. Mahoney, E. Hurley, A. 2011 Mental status measurement: Mini-mental state examination inEncyclopedia of nursing research, Springer Publishing Company, New York,